Kokoda
Trail Plaques - Master Text.
The Japanese attack on Port Moresby in May 1942 was repulsed at the
battle of the Coral Sea, a month later their navy was severely damaged
at the Battle of Midway. These events prompted another approach to
Moresby and on 22 July, 2,000 Japanese were landed near Gona with the
aim of crossing the Owen Stanley Range via the tortuous Kokoda Trail
(track).
During the next week 80 Australians and Papuans fought delaying actions,
culminating in a battle at Kokoda Village. The Japanese force rose to
10,000 whilst advancing along the Kokoda Trail. They were constantly
delayed by defensive action particularly at Isurava and Brigade Hill.
However, by mid- September the Australians (reduced from 3,000 to 300
men) were forced back to Imita Ridge, 42 km from Moresby,
The Japanese were then ordered to withdraw as their 5,000
remaining men and supplies were totally exhausted, and their army at
Guadacanal (Solomon Islands) was on the defensive against the Americans.
On 23 September the Australians, now 2,600 strong,
moved northwards to recover the trail, encountering major opposition
only at Templeton's and Era creek. Kokoda was entered unopposed on 2
November. The Japanese rearguard was destroyed near Gorari.
5,000 Japanese survived and joined 4,000 fresh troops around Gona and
Buna, Australian and American forces captured these strongholds by
January 1943 incurring heavy casualties on both sides.
The
Papuan carriers played an important role in the defence of the Kokoda
Trail, they transported Australian casualties and supplies. Their
loyalty will be remembered forever.
